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, also known by the acronym JSL, is the dominant sign language in Japan. ==History== Little is known about sign language and the deaf community before the Edo period. In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate dispatched envoys to various European schools for the deaf but the first school for the deaf was not established until 1878 in Kyōto. Until 1948, deaf children were not required to attend school to receive a formal education.〔Monaghan, Leila Frances. (2003). 〕 In the second half of the 20th century, a subtle cultural change in views about the Deaf in Japan evolved. The long-standing concept that "deaf" only means "people who can't hear" emphasized a physical impairment as part of a biomedical disease model; however, this was gradually replaced by a slightly different paradigm. "Deaf people" were more often identified as "people who use Japanese sign language". In other words, the biomedical disability model began slowly to be displaced by a social-cultural or JSL paradigm.〔Nakamura, Karen. (2006). ''Deaf in Japan: Signing and the Politics of Identity,'' p. 9, citing Kimura, Harumi and Yasuhiro Ichida. 1995. "''Roubunka Sengen''" (An Explanation of Deaf Culture), ''Gendai Shisou'', Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 354–399.〕 The Japanese Federation of the Deaf has worked with slow success in efforts to enhance communication opportunities for Japanese whose primary language is JSL.〔Nakamura, Karen. ( "Resistance and Co‐optation: the Japanese Federation of the Deaf and its Relations with State Power" ). ''Social Science Japan Journal'' (SSJJ) (2002) Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17-35.〕 The changing status of JSL and the Deaf in Japan is a slow process; but there are highlights. For example, JSL has an advocate among the Imperial family. Kiko, Princess Akishino has studied JSL and is a trained sign language interpreter.〔Valpy, Michael. ( "The emperor and the tennis pro" ). ''Globe and Mail'' (Canada). June 27, 2009.〕 She attends the Sign Language Speech Contest for High School Students held every August, and Praising Mothers Raising Children with Hearing Impairments every December. In October 2008, she participated in the 38th National Deaf Women's Conference.〔Imperial Household Agency. ( Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Akishino )〕 She also signs in informal Deaf gatherings.〔( "Princess Kiko chats with Deaf soccer players in sign language after film show" ). ''Deaf Japan News''. September 7, 2010.〕 The Deaf community supported passage of the proposed Sign Language Law.〔( "Deaf community requests enactment of the sign language law" ). ''Deaf Japan News''. November 15, 2010.〕 The "Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities" was enacted in 2011. This law recognized sign language as a language.〔( "Sign Language Stated in Law!" at jfd.or.jp ); excerpt, "Every person with disabilities, wherever possible, shall be ensured opportunities to choose his or her language (including sign language) and/or other means of communication, and the expansion of opportunities to choose his or her means of acquiring or utilizing information shall be promoted."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese Sign Language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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